Track 1: COVID 19 and People with HIV

The virus causes COVID-19 infects people of all age groups. However, research till date shows that two groups of people are at a higher risk of getting severe COVID-19 disease. One is older people (people over 60 years old); and those, are already in serious health problem (such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer). HIV destroys a specific type of immune system cell in the body. It's known as the CD4 which is one kind of white blood cell it fights with all infections. When HIV destroys this cell, it becomes harder for the body to fight other infections. If HIV is left untreated, a minor infection such as a cold can be much more dangerous.

Track 2: Connection between Tuberculosis and HIV

The risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) is estimated to be between 16-27 times greater in people living with HIV than those living without HIV infection. In 2015, there were an estimated 10.4 million cases of tuberculosis disease globally, including 1.2 million among people living with HIV. Almost 60% of tuberculosis cases among people living with HIV were not diagnosed or treated, resulting in 390 000 tuberculosis-related deaths among people living with HIV. Tuberculosis is one of major reason of death for people living with HIV.

•          Isoniazid
•          Rifamycin
•          pyrazinamide

Track 3: Opportunistic Infection

OIs are caused by a variety of germs (viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites). These germs spread in different ways, such as in the air, in body fluids, or in contaminated food or water. People living with HIV are at greatest risk for OIs when their CD4 count falls below 200. However, some OIs can occur when a person’s CD4 count is below 500. Because CD4 plays one of the most important role in fighting infections. And after this gets destroyed by HIV then any small infection could be much more serious.

•          Clostridioides difficile
•          Staphylococcus aureus
•          Pseudogymnoascus destructans

Track 4: High Risk of Hepatitis B & C

Hepatitis B & C are liver infections caused by a virus. These infections can be spread in the same ways as HIV is spreading. Hepatitis B and HIV are bloodborne viruses transmitted mainly through sexual contact and injection drug use. Because of that people at risk for HIV infection are also at risk for HBV infection. Hepatitis C is a bloodborne virus transmitted through direct contact with the blood of an infected person. It is seen that HCV affects 2–15 percentage of people living with HIV worldwide (and up to 90% of those are people who inject drugs) and that chronic HBV infection affects an estimated 5–20 percentage of people living with HIV. In United States this is one of the major reasons of death for people living with HIV.

•          People in prisons
•          People who inject drugs
•          people with multiple sexual partners

Track 5: Alcohol Consumption and Drug Use with HIV

Drinking too much alcohol can damage your brain, liver, and immune system. Chronic drinkers with HIV may be at higher risk for disease progression than those who drink very little or not at all (read more).Methamphetamines also known as Meth can lead to brain, liver, and kidney damage, impaired blood circulation, significant weight loss, and tooth decay. Drugs like cocaine and heroin which is been widely abused can seriously damage your respiratory and circulatory systems.

•          Negative Psychological Effects
•          Impaired Decision Making
•          Weakened Immune System

Track 6: Smoking and Drug Use with HIV

Smokers with HIV are also having a poorer response to HIV treatment, a larger chance of developing a life-threatening illness that leads to an AIDS diagnosis and a shorter lifespan than people with HIV who does not smoke. In fact, one study found that people with HIV, taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) but smoke are substantially more likely to die from lung cancer than from AIDS-related causes.

There is a large possibility for smokers with HIV than non-smokers with HIV to develop:

•          Lung Cancer
•          Head and Neck Cancers
•          Heart Disease and Stroke
•          Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
•          Serious HIV-Related Infections

Track 7: Importance of Vaccines for People with HIV

Vaccines play a huge role in keeping people healthy. They protect you against serious and sometimes deadly diseases.

Importance of vaccine is much more in people with chronic health conditions like HIV, which make it harder to fight off vaccine-preventable diseases like pneumococcal disease or the flu. HIV can also make it more likely that you’ll have serious complications from those diseases, This is why getting important vaccines is an important part of your overall HIV medical care.

Some Important vaccines recommended for people with HIV:

•          Hepatitis B
•          Human papillomavirus (HPV) (for those up to age 26)
•          Influenza (flu)
•          diphtheria

Track 8: Relation of Cardiovascular and Bone Disease with HIV

The risk of heart disease and stroke for people who have HIV is about 1.5 to two times greater than for people not infected with the virus. If we count HIV-related cardiovascular disease then it will be 2.6 million of healthy life lost around the world each year. This is expected to increase as an aging population of people with HIV develop risks for ailments and diseases other than AIDS.

About half of all people with HIV has or will have osteoporosis or osteopenia. They will also at least twice as likely to break a bone as those who don’t have the virus. Many things may play a role in raising the risk of low bone density and fractures, including.

•          Coronary artery disease
•          Heart attack
•          Osteoporosis
•          Osteopenia

Track 9: Relation of Kidney Disease and Diabetes with HIV

People living with HIV are getting affected by Diabetes more, than people who do not have the virus. One study showed that diabetes was up to four times more common in people with HIV. Diabetes is a common health problem. There are many factors by which you can get it, including having diabetes in your family, being overweight, and being older.

Diabetes and high blood pressure are the major causes of kidney disease. Other factors that increase the risk of kidney disease include heart disease and a family history of kidney failure.

•          Acute kidney injury
•          Chronic kidney disease
•          nephrotoxicity

Track 10: Relation of Liver Disease and Cognitive Disorder with HIV

Progression of liver disease remains a leading cause of death among HIV-infected persons in the U.S. and elsewhere. Though mortality from HIV complications has been dramatically reduced wherever effective combination of antiretroviral therapy is utilized but there has been little impact on liver related mortality.

More recent research work shows that people living with HIV are at higher risk for being diagnosed with dementia and that they are diagnosed at a younger age than HIV-negative people. There are many types of dementia and many factors are there, including vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease and HIV-associated dementia.

•          viral hepatitis
•          Cirrhosis
•          Developmental disorders.
•          Motor skill disorders.

Track 11: Cancer Associated with HIV/AIDS

HIV infects and kills T-cells or CD4 cells. T-cells or CD4 are part of our immune system that usually helps to fight with infections, including cancer-causing viruses.

People without HIV can help to clear the virus before cancer can develop because of their good immune system.

But, people with HIV have fewer T cells, so they can’t fight infections as easily as others. Cancer-causing viruses like Kaposi’s sarcoma herpes virus (KSHV), Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Human papillomavirus (HPV) can then stick around for a long time, and cause cells to grow and divide out of control. This can lead to cancer.

•          Cervical cancer
•          Anal cancer
•          Lung cancer

Track 12: Risk of Serious FLU with HIV

People with HIV are at high risk of developing serious flu-related complications, especially people who have a very low CD4 cell count or who are not taking medicine to treat HIV (called antiretroviral therapy or ART).

Other groups at high risk include people with other chronic health conditions and adults age 65 and older.

•          Flu shot
•          Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine

Track 13: Sexually Transmitted Diseases

HIV itself is a sexually transmitted disease and how you get HIV in the same way you will get other sexually transmitted diseases. If someone have sex with anyone and then gets infected by HIV or any other transmitted disease that means they did not use condoms or any other protection.

Some examples of sexually transmitted diseases are :

•          Syphilis
•          HIV
•          Gonorrhoea
•          Pubic lice
•          Herpes

Track 14: HIV and Women Health Issues

Women living with HIV get affected by some unique diseases; they will be at a higher risk of Cervical Cancer, Gynaecological Health Issues like Vaginal yeast infections, Bacterial vaginosis, Menstrual cycle problems. They will be in a higher risk of Heart Diseases. Some anti HIV medicines can interact with birth control medicaments.

•          Nevirapine side effects
•          Ritonavir side effects

Track 15: Anti-Retroviral Therapy

The treatment for HIV/AIDS by medicines is called antiretroviral therapy (ART). It is the safest and effective treatment available and gets recommended for everyone who has HIV. The medicines do not cure HIV infection, but they do make it a manageable chronic condition. They stop the regeneration of HIV by decoding their replication technique. And brings down the count of HIV where it is almost undetectable and manageable.

•          Atazanavir or ATV
•          Darunavir or DRV
•          Fosamprenavir or FPV
•          Indinavir or IDV

 

Track 16: Mental Health and AIDS

One of the most common mental health problem that people suffer living with HIV face is depression. Depression can be classified  from mild to severe, and the symptoms of depression can affect your day-to-day life. Both HIV related Medical condition and Treatment procedure of HIV may lead to depression. In this particular situation Psychologist, Psychiatrists and Therapist can help. Or else Exercise and Meditation will be really helpful.

•          Anxiety & Panic Disorders.
•          Bipolar Disorder
•          Schizophrenia.

Track 17: Research on HIV Genome

Like every other Retro virus HIV uses its DNA to multiply many RNA from those they can create more copies of HIV and that becomes their genome and the host cell can control these copies. The main problem is the HIV virus always changes its genome by Reverse Transcriptase that’s why it becomes more complicated to defend against this virus. The HIV consists two Single stranded identical RNA. 

Track 18: Preventing Mother to Child Transmission of HIV

An HIV-positive mother can transmit HIV to her baby any time during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.

If you want to prevent as a woman with HIV and you are pregnant, treatment with a combination of HIV medicines which is called antiretroviral therapy or ART can prevent transmission of HIV to your baby and protect your health also.

•          PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis)
•          Zidovudine
•          nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Track 19: Therapeutic and Vaccine Development

Over the hundreds of years, researchers have learned a lot about the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the disease it causes, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). But still more research is needed to help the millions of people whose health is still at the critical condition. To find out more about how researchers found out most cost effective ways to cut the transmission of HIV from mother to infants. They are also able to index the role of consumption of Alcohol in illness the damage it does.